Android ListView 详解

转自：http://tech.ddvip.com/2013-02/1360314377190184.html

 

ListView的使用方法

ListView是Android软件开发中非常重要组件之一，基本上是个软件基本都会使用ListView ，今天我通过一个demo来教大家怎么样使用ListView组件 绘制出漂亮的列表，说道ListView就不得不说Adapter适配器，因为只有通过Adapter才可以把列表中的数据映射到ListView中。
在android的开发中最Adapter 一共可以分为
ArrayAdapter<T>,
BaseAdapter, 
CursorAdapter,
HeaderViewListAdapter, 
ResourceCursorAdapter,
SimpleAdapter,
SimpleCursorAdapter,
WrapperListAdapter
软件开发中最常用的有ArrayAdapter<T>, BaseAdapter, SimpleAdapter，今天我用一段代码向大家诠释如何使用ListView控件。

 

1.简单的ListView

      在List列表中如果不存在过于复杂的东西 我们可以直接去new ArrayAdapter() 来绘制列表，无须继承ArrayAdapter，重写它的方法。但是如果列表中过于复杂的话就需要使用自定义布局来实现List列表。

 

 

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public class SimpleList extends ListActivity {         private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：雨松MOMO","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：[e-mail]"};         ListView mListView = null;         @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         mListView = getListView();         setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,                     android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr));         mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {             @Override         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,                 long id) {             Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();             }         });                    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         }     }

 

2.带标题的ListView列表

 

     使用 simpleAdapter 需要注意的是须要用Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项的显示的title与text , new SimpleAdapter的时候将map中的数据写入 ，程序就会帮我们绘制列表了。

 

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public class TitleList extends ListActivity {         private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};         private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",             "[e-mail]" };         ListView mListView = null;         ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;                    @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         mListView = getListView();                          int lengh = mListTitle.length;         for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {             Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();             item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);             item.put("text", mListStr[i]);             mData.add(item);          }         SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,             new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});             setListAdapter(adapter);         mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {             @Override         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,                 long id) {             Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();             }         });         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         }     }

 

3.带图片的ListView列表

       使用 simpleAdapter 来操作 但是构造simpleAdapter的时候须要使用我们自己写的布局来完成 ，因为系统的布局已经不能满足需求了，同样Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项须要的显示内容 如 图片 标题 内容等。

添加我们自己的列表布局 图片 标题 内容

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>                <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight">         <ImageView android:id="@+id/image"         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:adjustViewBounds="true"         android:padding="2dip" />         <TextView android:id="@+id/title"         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true"         android:layout_above="@+id/text"         android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical"         android:textSize="15dip" />         <TextView android:id="@+id/text"         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"         android:ellipsize="marquee"          android:textSize="20dip" />     </RelativeLayout>

 

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public class IconList extends ListActivity {         private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};         private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",             "[e-mail]" };         ListView mListView = null;         ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;                    @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         mListView = getListView();                          int lengh = mListTitle.length;         for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {             Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();             item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);             item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);             item.put("text", mListStr[i]);             mData.add(item);          }         SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,             new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});             setListAdapter(adapter);         mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {             @Override         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,                 long id) {             Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();             }         });         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         }     }

4.自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色

      因为通过直接 构造系统的布局来绘制列表方法肯定是有限的，所以我们需要重写绘制方法 ，写一个类去继承BaseAdapter 并实现这个类中的方法，listView在一开始绘制的时候首先会调用getCout()方法得到绘制次数 ，然后会实例化自己定义的BaseAdapter通过getView()方法一层一层绘制ListView,所以我们可以在这里面根据position(当前绘制的ID)来任意的修改绘制的内容，做出好看漂亮的ListView,下面这个例子我通过重写getView修改每个列表的颜色 并且实现用户选中后成高亮状态。

 

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>                <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">         <ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image"         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:adjustViewBounds="true"         android:padding="2dip" />         <TextView android:id="@+id/color_title"         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"         android:ellipsize="marquee"          android:textSize="15dip"  />         <TextView android:id="@+id/color_text"         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"         android:layout_below="@+id/color_title"         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:layout_alignParentRight="true"          android:singleLine="true"         android:ellipsize="marquee"          android:textSize="20dip" />     </RelativeLayout>

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public class ColorList extends ListActivity {         private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};         private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",             "[e-mail]" };         ListView mListView = null;         MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;         @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         mListView = getListView();         myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);         setListAdapter(myAdapter);         mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {             @Override         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,                 long id) {             View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);             v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);             Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();             }         });                        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         }                    class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {         private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };         public MyListAdapter(Context context) {             mContext = context;         }                    public int getCount() {             return mListStr.length;         }                    @Override     public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {             return false;         }                    public Object getItem(int position) {             return position;         }                    public long getItemId(int position) {             return position;         }                    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {             ImageView iamge = null;             TextView title = null;             TextView text = null;             if (convertView == null) {             convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);             iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);             title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);             text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);             }              int colorPos = position % colors.length;             convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);             title.setText(mListTitle[position]);             text.setText(mListStr[position]);              iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);             return convertView;         }                    private Context mContext;         }     }

5.自定义布局ArrayAdapter

ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的子类，ArrayAdapter不仅具有BaseAdapter的所有方法还自定义了一些新的方法来处理列表项，所以单纯的从功能能上来讲ArrayAdapter远远强与BaseAdapter，如果是绘制一些数量比较少的列表建议使用BaseAdapter 如果绘制一些比较复杂的列表项 并且列表项很多的 建议使用ArrayAdapter。

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>                <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">         <Button         android:id="@+id/array_button"         android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:text="一个按钮"     />         <ImageView android:id="@+id/array_image"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_button"         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:adjustViewBounds="true"         android:padding="2dip" />         <TextView android:id="@+id/array_title"         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"         android:ellipsize="marquee"          android:textSize="15dip"  />         <TextView android:id="@+id/array_text"         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"         android:layout_below="@+id/array_title"         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"         android:layout_alignParentRight="true"          android:singleLine="true"         android:ellipsize="marquee"          android:textSize="20dip" />                </RelativeLayout>

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public class ArrayList extends ListActivity {         private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};         private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",             "[e-mail]" };         ListView mListView = null;         MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;         ArrayList arrayList = null;         @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         arrayList = this;         mListView = getListView();         myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this,R.layout.arraylist);         setListAdapter(myAdapter);         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         }                    public class MyListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Object> {         int mTextViewResourceID = 0;         private Context mContext;         public MyListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId) {             super(context, textViewResourceId);             mTextViewResourceID = textViewResourceId;             mContext = context;         }                    private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };                    public int getCount() {             return mListStr.length;         }                    @Override     public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {             return false;         }                    public Object getItem(int position) {             return position;         }                    public long getItemId(int position) {             return position;         }                    public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {             ImageView iamge = null;             TextView title = null;             TextView text = null;             Button button = null;             if (convertView == null) {             convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(                 mTextViewResourceID, null);             iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_image);             title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_title);             text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_text);             button = (Button)convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_button);             button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {                                        @Override             public void onClick(View arg0) {                 Toast.makeText(arrayList,"您点击的第"+position +"个按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                        }             });             }             int colorPos = position % colors.length;             convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);             title.setText(mListTitle[position]);             text.setText(mListStr[position]);             if(colorPos == 0)             iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);             else         iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.image);             return convertView;         }         }     }

最后如果你还是觉得我写的不够详细 看的不够爽 不要紧我把源代码的下载地址贴出来 欢迎大家一起讨论学习
雨松MOMO希望可以和大家一起进步。